Observing and Measuring Earth Materials and Plate Tectonics

Observation- using your senses and __________ to determine the characteristics of materials and processes.

Inference- ideas justified with reasonable thinking and evidence (an educated __________)

Unit Conversions (round to the nearest 10th)

ex. 10.0 miles = _______ kilometers

(see chart xi)

Density formula

D= M/____

Calculating Volume

a. V= l x _____ x h (1 cm3= 1 mL)

b. Water displacement method- in a graduated cylinder, __________ the height of the water plus the object from the height of the water alone

 

Layers of the Earth

Atmosphere- layer of Earth's __________

Cryosphere- layer of Earth's _________

Hydrosphere- layer of Earth's __________

Lithosphere- rigid __________ and upper mantle

 

Isostatic Equilibrium- Something with a low density, such as the Earth's crust will "_________" above the denser plastic mantle. The bouyant forces are equal to the gravitational force on a floating object until it is balanced like an iceberg or a boat in water!

 

Plate Tectonics

Divergent boundaries- plates moving _______. Creates volcanic mountains and rift valleys.

____________ boundaries- plates moving together. Creates mountain chains or volcanic island chains.

Transform fault boundaries- plates moving ___________. Creates earthquakes- no volcanoes.

Faults

Compression- rock blocks squeeze ________

Tension- rock blocks are pulling ________

Shear- rock blocks slide past sideways.

A chain of volcanic islands can also form when a ________ plume of magma erupts under a sliding plate above it.

 

Lab Work Hint:

• For question #10, fill a 10 ml graduated cylinder to exactly 10 ml, weigh it and calculate the density of water.
• For question #13, give the answers in relative numbers, i.e. either >1, <1 or =1