most common = least desirable
USA makes _____% world's waste
the three R's: re_____, re_____, re______
Ocean Dumps
_________ in US (hooray!)
55 million lbs/yr of packaging are dumped into ocean
330 million lbs/yr of fishing gear lost or discarded
deadly to marine life (ex. seals) :(
Landfills
fate of _______ municipal solid waste
Paper is ______ ________ in landfill
trash buried with an impermeable lining (______, _______) to prevent
leaching
controls pollution of aquifer (_____, chemical compounds, _____
metals, contaminated rainwater). It's supposed to anyway.
methane gas burned for energy
Once very effective, landfills are now ________ landhogs- $1
billion/hectare
many aquifers already ______ from leaks
Natural Hydrogeologic Setting-
New landfills must now be set on stable, impermeable bedrock,
away from streams, rivers, lakes etc.
Must include Leachate Collection System - contaminated fluids
seep to bottom of landfill where they are collected by complex
________ pipes
Exporting
Often sent to _______, un-educated communities or countries ex. American
Indians
____ _______ plastics calamity- $3 million bribe for dumping toxic
waste in Cambodia
"garbage materialism" and NIMBY
Living off trash Manila and London
Incineration
volume of waste reduced _____%
45,000 tons/day burned in US
energy production as by product- ______ or ________
expensive to build and operate
high levels of toxins in ________ & ________
ex. dioxins, mercury, lead, cadmium, PVC
Refuse-dervied fuel-remove ________ and _________ first for cleaner
burn
Mass burn- throw everything in smaller than Volkswagon. Dirty
air indeed.
Reduction and Reuse
reuse vs recycling
- reuse is simply re-using an item (ex. __________)
- recycling is re-processing discarded materials (ex. _________, ___________)
Recycling - ITS A GOOD THING
glasses to glasses, rust to rust
bottles may be reforged as bottles
tires may be turned into roadways or _____________!
benefits include more efficent use of non-renewable resources
- cheaper method of waste disposal
- less air and water pollution
- cuts waste volume in landfill
Alternatives to Household Chemicals
1.
2.
3.
Long Term Storage
It has to go somewhere
non bio-degradables
- permanent retrievable storage vs. non-retrievable storage
EPA ranks best strategy for Muncipal Solid Waste (MSW)
1. Source ___________ (including reuse)
2. Recycling and ___________
3. _____________
4. Landfilling
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