Human Population Notes

History of Human Population

  • Human populations were kept in check by _________, famines and ________ until the middle ages
    • ex: Infanticide, Bubonic Plagues
  • Populations began to increase rapidly after A.D. _________ (Increased sailing and navigating skills, agricultural developments, better sources of power, better health care and hygiene)

We are now in a J-curve, population is increasing at an exponential rate. Our present population is 6.__ billion people and growing by 100 million people per year.

    
Demographics- vital statistics about people (births, deaths, where people live, total population size)

  • Crude Birth rate- the number of births in a year per __________ persons
  • Crude Death rate- the number of _________ per thousand persons in any given year
  • Life ___________- the average age that a newborn infant can expect to attain in any given society

To calculate the annual rate of population growth subtract the crude death rate from the crude birth rate and __________ by 10.

The replacement fertility rate is the number of children a couple must have to keep the population ____________. In the third world it is 2.7, in the US it is 2.1.

  • Developing countries have seen the greatest progress
  • Discrepancies in how benefits are distributed within a country are shown by varying life expectancies at different areas in a country

Annual ____________ has a strong correlation to life expectancy

  • Developing Countries- residents live for about _________ as long as they used to                   
  • Developed Countries- increase not as great because it was higher to begin with

Age Structure/ Histogram Diagrams

  • If the population diagram is wide based the population is ____________.
  • If the diagram is columnar, the population is staying the _________.
  • If it is an upside down pyramid, the population is getting _________.

Pick a country!

 

Impact on Resources

The more people there are, the more __________ are used. 

Especially in _____________ countries like the U.S.

Carrying Capacity- local, regional and global

  • The maximum carrying capacity for humans on the Earth is ____-_____ billion (some resources say _____ billion). 
  • Our footprint is the number of _______ required to meet the resource needs of an individual.
  • The average ecological footprint an American makes is approximately _____ acres/person.

    What is your ecological footprint?

     

Population Projections and Solutions

There could be a population ___________ past the carrying capacity and then a _______ or we could _________ our population growth to an S-curve

Estimated Demographic Transitions- from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates due to improved __________ conditions and __________ development

  • As a nation first develops, death rates ________ but birth rates ________. This is due to better __________ and __________ care.
  • It takes a while for societies to catch on culturally that they don't need as many __________.
  • Eventually as a society develops and women get more education, the birth rate ____________.

Cairo Conference- 179 countries met in 1994 to develop an action plan to deal with _____________ growth and included issues such as poverty and health care

         5 Basic Components

    1. Provides ___________-planning services
    2. Promotes free ___________, private investment, and assistance to countries that need help.
    3. Addresses issues of _________ equity.
    4. Addresses issues of equal access to ____________ opportunity.
    5.  Educates _________.

Female Education and Economic Status

World wide women are having less kids. Why?

  • If females are _____________ about birth control, and made aware that they do not need to have many children to replace them, they will not have as many babies. 
  • Also, if their ____________ status and education level is improved, many women will get jobs instead of having children

Family Planning

Fertility Decline in Rich Countries

  1. Abortion- RU_____, methotrexate, misprostol, surgical abortion
  2. Avoidance- Body temperature technique, ___________/abstinence
  3. Barrier- Condom, diaphragm, cervical ______, vaginal sponge, spermicide, IUD
  4. Chemical- "The _______"
  5. Surgical- Tubal litigation, ______________